石英棒负载TiO2光催化膜的制备、表征与降解性能

利用浸涂法在石英光导棒上制得了TiO2光催化膜.用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等方法对膜的形貌和晶相组成进行了表征,以苯酚为模型污染物考察了膜的活性.结果表明,所制得的TiO2膜催化剂主要由锐钛矿和金红石2种晶相组成;光催化降解苯酚的效果明显优于直接光解;当苯酚初始浓度为0.98 mg/L时,反应2.5 h后的降解率为86%.     

Distribution of poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(ε-caprolactone)aerobic degrading microorganisms in different environments

To assess the capacity of the natural environment for degrading plastics, the populations of poly(-hydroxybutyrate)(PHB)-and poly(-caprolactone)(PCL)-degrading aerobic microorganisms and their ratios to the total number of microorganisms in soil samples were estimated by the plate count method with agar medium containing emulsified PHB or PCL. The numbers of the degrading microorganisms were determined by counting colonies that formed clear zones on the plate. It was found that PHB- and PCL-degrading (depolymerizing) microorganisms are distributed over many kinds of material, including landfill leachate, compost, sewage sludge, forest soil, farm soil, paddy soil, weed field soil, roadside sand, and pond sediment. Of total colony counts, the percentages of PHB and PCL degrading microorganisms were 0.2–11.4 and 0.8–11.0%, respectively. The results suggest that many kinds of degrading microorganisms are present in each environment and that specific consortia differing in biodegradation capacity are constructed.     

厦门湾海洋塑料垃圾对中华白海豚的摄食风险评价

以厦门湾为研究区域,借鉴相对风险模型评价海洋塑料垃圾对中华白海豚可能产生的摄食风险.以4类不同尺寸的海洋塑料垃圾作为风险源、以中华白海豚作为风险受体,利用GIS中的空间分析工具,评价和量化厦门湾摄食性塑料垃圾对该区域中华白海豚的风险及其时空分布.识别高风险的塑料垃圾类型、高风险区域和高风险季节.结果表明：不同尺寸的海洋塑料垃圾对中华白海豚构成的潜在生态风险不同,其中小型和中型垃圾的风险较高.塑料垃圾对中华白海豚的生态风险呈现出明显的时间和空间差异,夏季和冬季是风险高值相对集中的季节,夏季的高风险主要是因为受到台风和旅游业等影响造成海洋垃圾源强较高,冬季的高风险则与中华白海豚在此季节最为活跃有关;高风险区域主要分布于塑料垃圾和中华白海豚密度分布重叠较高的位置,夏季的高风险区域分布于大嶝以及九龙江口的鸡屿附近海域,冬季的高风险区域分布于西海域以南水域和九龙江口的鸡屿附近水域.研究成果可为厦门湾中华白海豚的保护管理提供决策依据.     

深圳海滩塑料垃圾及其重金属污染分析

海洋塑料垃圾污染是一个全球性环境问题,为了解海岸线上塑料垃圾及其重金属污染情况,本研究在深圳海岸线上选取5个典型海滩,分析海滩塑料垃圾的组成和来源,并研究塑料垃圾的重金属含量及其浸出行为,评估其潜在的摄入风险.结果表明：塑料和泡沫塑料是海滩垃圾最主要的组成成分,占比高达72%;人类海岸活动是海滩塑料垃圾最主要的来源,占比高达80.58%;塑料垃圾中Zn、Ba、Pb的含量较高,其中Zn的平均值达到500mg/kg以上;在模拟胃酸溶液中,Zn的浸出浓度最高（0.7605~2.6283mg/L）,Mn浸出率最高（16.22%~83.45%）,Sb的浸出量和浸出率均为最低.基于海滩塑料垃圾样品中重金属最大可浸出率的摄入风险评估表明,塑料样品中的重金属不会造成健康风险.本研究提供的基础数据资料有助于海洋塑料垃圾的管理.     

Analysis of the influencing factors of PAEs volatilization from typical plastic products

The primary emphasis of this research was to investigate the foundations of phthalate(PAEs) pollutant source researches and then firstly confirmed the concept of the coefficient of volatile strength, namely phthalate total content in per unit mass and unit surface area of pollutant sources. Through surveying and evaluating the coefficient of volatile strength of PAEs from typical plastic products, this research carried out reasonable classification of PAEs pollutant sources into three categories and then investigated the relationship amongst the coefficient of volatile strength as well as other environmental factors and the concentration level of total PAEs in indoor air measured in environment chambers.Research obtained phthalate concentration results under different temperature, humidity,the coefficient of volatile strength and the closed time through the chamber experiment. In addition, this study further explored the correlation and ratio of influencing factors that affect the concentration level of total PAEs in environment chambers, including environmental factors, the coefficient of volatile strengths of PAEs and contents of total PAEs in plastic products. The research created an improved database system of phthalate the coefficient of volatile strengths of each type of plastic goods, and tentatively revealed that the volatile patterns of PAEs from different typical plastic goods, finally confirmed that the coefficient of volatile strengths of PAEs is a major factor that affects the indoor air total PAEs concentration, which laid a solid foundation for further establishing the volatile equation of PAEs from plastic products.     

等离子体技术在废旧塑料资源化中的应用

叙述了废旧塑料回收利用对环境的影响，介绍了废旧塑料资源化几种重要的方法及资源化中存在的问题，分析了等离子体技术在废旧塑料资源化中的特点及存在的问题，并提出了解决方法。     

生物膜法A／O工艺A段脱氮动力学研究

研究了生物膜法A/O工艺A段的动力学模式，根据在碳源充足时，反硝化速率和硝酸盐浓度呈零级动力学反应，从理论得出A段Vmax、变化不大，膜单位面积传质速率（dF/dt)与基质浓度无关，与生物膜厚度（δ）成正比，dF/dt=k1A√C0-Ce,动力学参数k1=√CmaxX表明A段NO3^--N去除率与进出水浓度差的平方根和填料表面积成正比，并通过试验求出动力学系数，K1=0.016。     

TiO2膜降解水中污染物的稳定性考察与再生方法研究

针对实际水处理中对催化剂性能的要求，以光催化降解苯酚溶液作为探针反应，考察了玻璃纤维网上负载的TiO₂膜催化剂长期使用条件下的稳定性，研究了催化剂在自来水中使用失活后的再生方法。结果表明，经过50次使用之后，膜催化剂120 min反应对苯酚的降解率从100%下降至83%，总体上看，所制催化剂还是具有相当好的稳定性；在反应器中用蒸馏水浸泡配合光催化反应对TiO₂膜催化剂进行原位再生是一种可行的再生途径。     

亲水性塑料弹性填料生物膜法处理模拟废水的研究

通过比较普通塑料弹性填料与亲水性改进后的塑料弹性填料在污水生化处理中的应用效果发现 :亲水性改进的塑料弹性填料在污水的厌氧生化处理中可提高污水处理效率 15 %— 30 % ,在好氧生化处理中可提高污水处理效率5 %— 10 % ,且亲水性改进大大提高了塑料弹性填料的挂膜速度。     

BOD快速测定仪的日常使用与维护

样品浓度影响到微生物膜上菌种的活性。在仪器的适用范围内,菌种活性的变化可分为四个阶段,即2~5mg/L、5~13mg/L、13~30mg/L、30~50mg/L。为了获得样品的准确浓度,需在这四个浓度范围内分别取两点进行点控,样品的精密度变差可以作为更换管路的一个依据。灵敏度下降表明,应该更换微生物膜。